Purchasing A Small Business Essays - Corporate Finance,

Purchasing a Small Business Purchasing a Small Business Outline I. Deciding to buy A. Why buy a small business? B. Starting out-the nine steps C. Initial details to consider 1. Are partners needed? 2. Economic factors 3. Is the location acceptable? 4. Tax strategy II. Where to start A. How much income is needed? B. The "Thirteen Steps" to acquiring a business III. Locating a potential purchase A. The Acquisition Plan B. Beginning the search-who can help? III. Negotiating a purchase price A. Valuation of a small business 1. Why do a valuation? 2. Choosing the method that is best for your situation 3. Some different methods of valuing a business a. Ability-To-Pay Method b. Discounted Cash Flow Method c. Excess Earnings Method B. Calculating goodwill C. Setting the purchase price D. The letter of intent IV. Finding the initial capital A. Sources of financing 1. Traditional sources 2. Nontraditional sources B. Guaranteed loan programs V. Closing the deal 1. Get a lawyer 2. Audit review 3. The closing VI. The rewards of working for yourself The decision to purchase a business of your own is not an easy task. There are many things to consider before the final decision is made. First of all, exactly what do you want to accomplish? To make millions of dollars, right? Or is it to have the freedom of being your own boss? Whatever the reason, you must be sure that it is something that you are ready to devote an exorbitant amount of time and energy into and that it is something that you really want. Otherwise, you might be stuck doing something that you hate. If you are ready to commit then you must ask yourself just how far will that commitment extend. How much of your own time, energy, and money are you willing to sacrifice? After the decision is made, the acquisition of a small business can be summed-up into nine steps, in which most will be elaborated upon later. "These are the nine steps to any business acquisition, regardless of its size or industry: 1. The search, locating a business available for sale. 2. Identifying alternative candidates. 3. Valuing the business. 4. Negotiating a price and terms. 5. Investigating the company. 6. Preparing the business plan. 7. Sourcing the financing. 8. Preparing the closing documents. 9. Managing the transition period." (Tuller, 10) Some considerations that cannot be avoided when purchasing a small business include: the question of needing a partner, the current economic factors, considering alternate locations, and developing a tax strategy. When debating whether or not a partner is needed or wanted, you need to know if you're going to need additional equity as well as sharing the risk of failure. For these reasons, a partnership seems to be a great idea, but there are also many cons that should be recognized. Having too many partners can alter the ease of decision-making, shared liability can cause obvious problems, and sharing profits means less for you. Added to this, getting out of a partnership can be very difficult. Evaluating the current economic factors simply means to know what you are getting into. Be sure to have some knowledge about the business itself and it's market. Know how to make and sell the product efficiently and in a service industry, be sure to know the current and correct way things are done-sometimes they are not one in the same. Location is key. "Location of the target can be a major determinate in both the financing of the deal and probable success in managing the business after closing.There's no sense spending time, effort, and money on a target located in the wrong place." (Tuller, 12) Along with this, the personal strife of having to travel a great distance to get to work can be very frustrating. So, be sure that the location of your potential business is profitable in every way. One the greatest minds of the 20th century, Albert Einstein, once said, "tax is the most difficult thing in the world to understand". Unfortunately, with the ever-changing laws, that problem gets worse every year. This means that you should have knowledge of the current tax laws. "'You will have a unique opportunity to make decisions on exactly how much money will change hands, and how I will allocated on the payment schedule."(Smorgenburg, 112) Maximizing profit for both you and the seller can only be done through proper knowledge of tax law, if you are not comfortable handling this alone, a consultant might not bad a bad idea. After all of the above is settled, the next thing to figure is the amount of initial income is required. Not only the income required to purchase the entity (which will be elaborated upon later), but also the amount of money that you need to survive for the years to

Evaluation Effectiveness Of The Safety Net Program Social Work Essays

Evaluation Effectiveness Of The Safety Net Program Social Work Essays Evaluation Effectiveness Of The Safety Net Program Social Work Essay Evaluation Effectiveness Of The Safety Net Program Social Work Essay The Safety Net plan administered by the Child and Family Guidance Center is a school based intercession plan. Safety Net Intervention Servicess for High Risk Youth, was administered to 160 pupils, at Richardson West Junior High School, during the 2009 2010 school old ages. The pupils are referred for plan engagement by parents, instructors or other school forces for bar or early intercession of behavioural concerns that hinder school success. However, plan engagement is voluntary and even with parental permission ; pupil must exhibit willingness for plan engagement. Safety Net is a ten- hebdomad equal facilitated course of study based intercession theoretical account, administered during the school twenty-four hours. The Safety Net plan provides a full scope of bar and early intercession services including preventative instruction, reding and accomplishments preparation. The Ohio Young person Problem, Functioning, and Satisfaction Scales, is the assessment instrument administered to plan participants for outcome step. The 48-question short reply signifier measures pupils perceived jobs, compared with pupils perceived operation, within the past 30 yearss. The assessment instrument, administered in the signifier of a pre and post-test study, administered prior to intercession and once more at the apogee of the ten-week Safety Net plan engagement. By comparing, the average norm of the 160 pupil participants pre and post- trial tonss, measuring for capable group norm of each, measuring for statistical difference, after plan completion to find the effectivity of the Safety Net plan for this capable group. Evaluation of the effectivity of the Safety Net plan An scrutiny of current literature on school based intercession is expected to turn out that school based intercession is an effectual method for handling kids. Coupled with an analysis of descriptive statistical informations from the Safety Net plan, for the intent of plan rating the Safety Net plan will turn out to be an effectual intercession method, for the 160 kids -student engagement group. The determination to research the subject of the effectivity of school based intercession plans came as the consequence of a practicum experience as a Safety Net counsellor, while functioning as a alumnus pupil houseman for the Child and Family Guidance Center, in Dallas, TX, spring 2010. As a societal work professional and former particular instruction instructor, the wellbeing of kids and the plans and intercession methods used to handle them is personally relevant. Child welfare societal policy remains an evolving precursor, in America, which sustains the seasonableness of this organic structure of research. Many school-based intercession plans receive federal support therefore ; all taxpaying citizens are stakeholders in the wellbeing of today s kids who are the kernel of social hereafter and hence, this research is comparative and informational to a wide audience. The Family and Child Guidance Centers Inc, assumed name Child and Family Guidance Centers is a non-profit corporation functioning households impacted by mental unwellness, kid maltreatment and disregard, bad behaviours, and substance maltreatment. The bureaus mission is, To supply quality accessible mental wellness services to beef up kids, households, and communities. Established in 1896, Child and Family Guidance Center has nurtured kids, strengthened households, and sceptered persons by supplying comprehensive solutions to life s jobs through guidance, instruction, public consciousness, and community partnerships for over 113 old ages. The Safety Net Plan is one of many plans included under the parent organic structure of services that Child and Family Guidance Center provides. Others include Psychiatric A ; Therapy Based Servicess for Adults, Children, and Families Program. This equips households with skills/resources to cut down chronic jobs including mental unwellness, house hold force, kid maltreatment, and homelessness through an array of household focused, mental wellness services. Intensive Services for Children with Mental Illness ( Severe Emotional Disturbance ) Program provides intensive clinical services to kids with the disablement of serious mental unwellness to enable them to successfully work in their place and school environments and to efficaciously passage to maturity. Using a wrap-around attack, they provide community-based services to turn to behavioural wellness demands utilizing strength-based ends and the integrating of community services. Co-occurring Mental Health A ; Substance Abuse Services Program provides prevention/intervention services to youth with behavioural issues that put them at hazard for substance abuse/addiction. Equally good as supplying intervention to persons diagnosed with co-occurring mental unwellness and substance maltreatment to cut down the negative effects of the double diseases. Parent A ; Family Educa tion The Family and Community Education Program ( FACE ) serve households affected by kid maltreatment, divorce, or disfunction. It seeks to stabilise households by learning accomplishments to turn to jobs that stress household systems and put household members at hazard. ( Child and Family Guidance Center is the exclusive supplier of rearing instruction services to Child Protective Services for 19 county parts within the province of Texas. Finally, the Safety Net Intervention Servicess for High Risk Youth, the school based intercession plan that serves as the beginning of this plan rating. Child and Family Guidance Center is a nationally acclaimed plan, renowned for its regard and indorsement by the Federal authorities, as proven by the continued successful acquisition of federal support and noteworthy usage of resources sanctioned with Federal indorsement. Child and Family Guidance Center has been a recognized spouse of the United- Way since 1924 ( Childandfamilies.info ) . Childs are a particular population, who possess a particular leaning for alteration hence, it is easier to add strength than it is to deduct from failing ( Openshaw, 2008, p. 91 ) . By placing these pupils and turn toing, bad behaviours, in in-between school, places these pupils at an advantage, as they are able to have the necessary support to go resilient and the tools necessary for school success. Having observed that every individual has the ability to get the better of hardship if of import protective factors are present in that individual s life , it is inherit that at hazard pupils are identified and receive intervention in school based intercession plans such as Safety Net ( Krovetz, 1999 ) . Resilient kids have been found to possess four common properties: Social competency ( the ability to arouse positive responses from others, therefore set uping positive relationships with both grownups and equals ) . Problem- work outing accomplishments ( planning and resourcefulness in seeking aid from others ) Autonomy ( a sense of one s ain individuality and an ability to move independently and exercise some control over one s environment ) . A sense of intent and hereafter ( ends, educational aspirations, continuity, hopefulness, and a sense of a bright hereafter ) ( Benard, 1993, p. 44 ) . Students who participate in the Safety Net plan, must be willing participants, they must expose the ability to acquire along with the Safety Net counsellor every bit good as show the adulthood to map within a peer-facilitated group. A pupil who meets the lower limit demands for engagement in the Safety Net plan, already possess the inherit strength of resilience. Never underestimate the power of resilience ( Nims A ; Hamm, 2006 ) . Although pupils must come to the Safety Net plan volitionally, they must hold parental/ guardian permission, which includes a parental pre and station -test. This serves a signifier of parental support, in that parents must detect and be able to describe out on their pupils behaviour ( Cooper, 2000 ) . As good, Safety Net counsellors are required to document a lower limit of 10 contacts, with each participant, instructors, guardian or other mental wellness professional. This pattern cultivates an automatic support system for each single pupil participant. With cognition of plan engagement, pupils become unwittingly accountable to multiple grownups, who are likely concerned with their overall wellbeing. This pattern every bit good cultivates caring adult relationships that pupils may trust on, at the decision of the Safety Net plan. One of the first assignments given at the induction of the ten-week plan term is the choice of a Safe Adult by each pupil and both parties must subscri be a contractual understanding of answerability and support. The pupil is told to choose an grownup that they may reach in the event of crisis, need for support or advice. This is a support system of the pupils ain induction, this pattern cultivates job work outing accomplishments, liberty and a sense of intent ( Hallfors, 2006 ) . The above pattern of the Safety Net plan in cultivating, every pupil s leaning for resilience besides, establishes the protective factors that are through empirical observation necessary for get the better ofing hardship ( Openshaw, p.92, 2008 ) . These factors documented as being necessary for get the better ofing hardship within the household, school and community. To the acclamation of the Safety Net Program, before of all time diging into the through empirical observation based course of study, every bit good predisposes, an environment conducive for resilience and wellness by: Establish a lovingness environment at least one grownup who knows the kid good and cares deeply about the wellbeing of that kid. This plan affords each kid the liberty to place multiple lovingness grownups, at school, at place or in their community. This lovingness grownup is so in a place to expose in a non -threatening mode, positive outlooks, high clearly articulated outlooks for each kid and the purposeful support necessary to run into those outlooks. Many pupils, by and large, would non place an grownup and petition, clear outlooks for behaviour. This plan affords each pupil participation- meaningful engagement and duty ( Krovetz, 1999 ) . Professional values and beliefs sing service as a Safety Net Counselor include but are non limited to the followers: As a professional societal worker interning within a non- societal work specific place, one must trust on NASW s Code of Ethics as a usher to ethical determination devising ( NASW, 2002, Standard I ) , sing ethical quandary in keeping societal work values in a non-social work scene. This codification of behavior is particularly of import when working in an intern function, contracted with an bureau that places your service assignment inside another entity, such as a school. First, one must see the bureaus policies, which may or may non aline with societal work values and so the additive of adhering to the schools policies and processs, which may non aline with the overall values of the societal work profession. In cases such as this, it is imperative for societal workers to adhere, every bit closely as possible to the specified guidelines of both of their employing organic structures and when in uncertainty or struggle should mention to and adhere to NASW s Code of Ethics. Ethical qu andary are possible and likely in all degrees of pattern, but particularly during the Practicum experience, as the societal work professional is likely charting new professional land. Therefore, it is imperative for pupil housemans in all scenes to be familiar with bureau policy every bit good as their ain professional moralss, which will normally steer their values. Sing the facets of diverseness, school scenes, are normally comprised of diverse populations. These diverse populations range from socio- economic position, race, colour and national beginning to linguistic communication distinction and age. Sing age, when practising within a school puting one must be prepared and adequately equipped to address pupils, parents, school personnel/ other professionals and the community. A personal value in working with kids is the demand to get the hang and expose cultural competency and sensitiveness. This is an ethical authorization but as a former pedagogue and one with a deep affinity for the well- being of kids, it is imperative, to expose cultural competency and sensitiveness without unwittingly precipitating exclusion ( Fallick, 2008 ) . The Child and Family Guidance Center s acceptance and execution of the Safety Net Intervention Servicess for High Risk Youth, plan is likely motivated by the handiness of State and Federal support nevertheless the plan s design is in maintaining with the bureaus overall mission, To supply quality accessible mental wellness services to beef up kids, households, and communities. Therefore, based on the bureaus stated mission, the bureau is likely passionate about the results of this peculiar plan. Intrinsically, the plans design is in maintaining with their mark audience, extrinsically the bureau receives wages for plan execution in the signifier of grant support. This combination of incentives creates a diverse, yet balanced motive for plan execution ( Fallick 2008 ) . The end of this plan rating is to find the effectivity of the Safety Net plan. The coveted result is to turn out that school based intercession plans such as Safety Net is an effectual method for the intervention of behavioural and mental wellness concerns in kids. Make such plans, specifically the Safety Net Program, run into their stated aims of drop- out bar, character edifice, resilience and life-skill development for at-risk young person? It is one s outlook that the execution of intercession in the signifier of course of study based, peer- facilitated groups will hold a permanent consequence on participants overall school success. This plans disposal occurs within the general instruction scene, and while plan participants exhibit behavioural concerns that preclude their engagement in more mainstream activities, engagement in the Safety Net plan is a preventive and early intercession scheme. By using evidence-based pattern, in the signifier of student-centered course of study, c ultivating resilience and developing a support system of each single pupil s pick, the societal worker/ Safety Net Counselor is able to use their ego, their professional cognition every bit good as the pupil s equals in a positive manner to consequence alteration. The ends and mark results set Forth by Safety Net plan Changes that will advance the coveted result of pupils success in school, including: Dropout bar, precluded by inordinate absence and other signifiers of behavioural jobs, necessitated by lacking societal accomplishments and other internally regulated tools, such as self-efficacy and motive Character edifice, in the signifier of self-esteem, self-awareness, judgement and communicating Resiliency-the development of a support system of pupil s pick and designation of cognitive behavioural tools to get the better of jobs with household and equals Life accomplishments development, in the signifier, of end development, drug and intoxicant consciousness and bar Celebrated school Social Work expert ascertains that, one possible solution to the dropout job is for societal workers to work closely with in-between schools to assist place those pupils who appear to be at hazard when they enter high school. These pupils may be in particular instruction or in alternate plans, may hold failed categories, or received reding from the school counsellor to assist them get by with school- related jobs ( Openshaw, 2008, p. 122 ) . This is exactly the standard norm for designation as a campaigner for the Safety Net plan, as administered at Richardson West Junior High School. Parents, instructors, counsellors and other school forces, place Safety Net plan participants, by placing pupils with inordinate absence, which is frequently an index of a household in demand of support, or a pupil who may be deliberately losing school or one whom is deliberately absent from certain categories during the school twenty-four hours. Students who receive inordinate offic e referral or subject for behavioural misdemeanor, inordinate disciplinary action in the signifier of in- school and alternate arrangement based suspension. Equally good as the designation of pupils, who have had a demand to talk with school counsellors for aid in get bying with school-related jobs. Children are a really resilient client population, with bar and early intercession ; Safety Net counsellors are postured with the aid of single pupil s immediate stakeholders to place at-risk pupils and illicit positive alteration, by implementing the course of study by design. With the necessary constituents in topographic point as afforded by the Project Success course of study, successful completion of the ten- hebdomad course of study based group Sessionss, an outlook for pupil betterment towards the targeted behaviours is high. By placing at-risk pupils, the Safety Net counsellor is able to forestall jobs before they occur . The plans, course of study is structured so that the pup il with the aid, of the Safety Net counsellor receives the confidence of caring grownups, designation of issues before they escalate and the constitution of a peer support group ( Openshaw, 2008, p. 123 ) . Apparent end distinction between, the bureau, the school and the community does non be. Social scientific discipline research ascertains that schools are the primary suppliers of mental wellness services for kids. As opposed to primary attention doctors and other mental wellness professionals who chiefly serve as the mental wellness interventionalist for grownups. Research ascertains school based intercession feasibleness based on the fact that kids are required to go to school ( Hoagwood, Holly, Erwin, 1997 ) . In kids mental, emotional and behavioural wellness troubles are most frequently foremost noted within the school scene and therefore should logically be addressed within the school scene, as the first line of intercession and furthermore prevented if and when possible ( Bums et al. , 1995 ) . The value of supplying mental wellness services in schools was first recognized in this state in 1898 in Chicago, IL, in response to a pupil study on physical and mental wellness. Based on the study s findings, the Chicago school board authorized the first theoretical accou nt of school-based intercession programming for childhood mental wellness ( Gallic 1990 ) . The Safety Net plan, administered by the Child and Family Guidance Center is one such school based intercession plan. The Safety Net program- Intervention Services for High Risk Youth is a drop- out bar, character edifice, resilience and life -skill development plan for at-risk young person. It is an in-school partnership plan to assist at-risk young person addition positive decision-making accomplishments and diminish bad behaviours. The plan provides a full scope of prevention/early intercession services including preventative behavioural tools accomplishments instruction, guidance, and accomplishments preparation. The plan utilizes the Undertaking SUCCESS ( Schools Using Coordinated Community Efforts to Strengthen Students ) Curriculum, a research-based intercession theoretical account plan recommended by the Federal Government s Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration ( SAMHSA ) ( CFGC, 2010 ) . The course of studies design seeks to cut down bad behaviours and better resilience factors in at-risk young person. An scrutiny of current literature on school based intercession is expected to turn out that school based intercession is an effectual method for handling kids. These research findings paired with an analysis of statistical informations obtained via the Ohio- trial, from recent Safety Net plan participants, for the intent of plan rating will probably turn out the Safety Net plan as an effectual theoretical account of school based intercession method. Research conducted on school based intercession, ascertains that the survey of inventions and alteration in school systems is non new. What is advanced is a strict outcome rating of a household of school based intercessions that targets the same job behaviour among a school age population. ( Hallfors, etl. , 2006 ) . An integrating of bing research coupled with the well-founded informations obtained as a contemplation of this plans unity in comparing with the national acclamation that the capable affair herein has received will turn out this integrative paper to be both timely and relevant to current societal policy sing the hereafter of young person. This mounting organic structure of research on school based intercession and bar continues to germinate and cultivate prevalence. Prevalence, in big due to its presentation in a big federal grant and National run from a pool of bureaus including ; ( Department of Education, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and the Center for Mental Health Services ) as portion of a Safe Schools/ Healthy Students federal enterprise ( Hallfors, etl. , 2006 ) . Undertaking Success, ( Schools Using Coordinated Community Efforts to Strengthen Students ) was originally designed to forestall and cut down substance usage and maltreatment among high hazard, multi-problem striplings in alternate high school scenes. It was based on the Residential Student Assistance Program ( RSAP ) theoretical account used in residential stripling intervention installations, and adapted from the Westchester Student Assistance Program ( WSAP ) . The Student Assistance Program ( SAP ) theoretical account is similar to that of Employee Assistance Programs ( EAPs ) used to assist employees with substance usage or mental wellness concerns ( Shamblin, 2009 ) found six published studies that suggested that SAPs possibly effectual in cut downing substance usage and bettering academic public presentation for some striplings ; nevertheless, they reported that the surveies suffered from important methodological jobs. The Safety Net plan is chiefly based in the Systems theory of intervention, in that it assist pupils in the rating of their environment, in order to assist them thrive. It approaches all of the constituents that comprise a pupil s life, place, school, equals, community and ego. There are a few definitions of systems, that comprise the theory as a whole ; Multiple definitions: A group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent parts organizing a complex whole A constellation of parts joined together by a web of relationships The parts form a whole, which is greater than the amount of its parts For the intent of the research survey, most pupils fall into the class of organic systems, defined as: Dynamical patterns parts accommodating to each other and to their environment as a whole Partss are massively entangled, interdependent Partss self-organize, learn, co-evolve organically Equilibrium in flux sensitive to initial conditions System non replicable, ca nt reiterate past Emergent alteration manage conditions of organic development and experimentation Unknown terra incognitas test and mistake ( Pawlick, 2004 ) . The plan marks in-between school kids ; larning to accommodate and boom in their environment is a life accomplishment that is movable throughout the class of life. Giving pupils the tools to understand that their actions affect those around them, and that the actions of others affect them, is a critical constituent of the accomplishment set development that Safety Net seeks to administrate. The Safety Net plan, harmonizing to The Project Success, Curriculum Implementation Manuel ( p.21 ) is based on a organic structure of research known as the Prevention Education Series, a Safety Net Counselor conducts this educational series, it is comprised of little, structured, leader-directed, equal facilitated, treatment groups. The Series combines both didactic and experimental attacks to accomplish its ends. The Safety Net program- Intervention Services for High Risk Youth is a drop- out bar, character edifice, resilience and life -skill development plan for at-risk young person. It is an in-school partnership plan to assist at-risk young person addition positive decision-making accomplishments and diminish bad behaviours. The plan provides a full scope of prevention/early intercession services including preventative behavioural tools accomplishments instruction, guidance, and accomplishments developing. By carry oning one-hour hebdomadal groups, for 10 hebdomads, the intercess ion is set into gesture. During the 10 hebdomads, the course of study outlines the undermentioned lessons, as a recommended format: a?â„ ¢Topic 1 Bing an Adolescent a?â„ ¢ Topic 2 Alcohol Tobacco, and other drugs a?â„ ¢ Topic 3 Family Pressures and Problems a?â„ ¢ Topic 4 Skills for Coping a?â„ ¢ Topic 5 Communication a?â„ ¢ Topic 6 Problem Recognition and Resolution a?â„ ¢ Topic 7 Stress direction and self-exploration a?â„ ¢Topic 8 Self esteem issues a?â„ ¢Topic 9 Anger direction a?â„ ¢Topic 10 Peer Pressure and Closing At the stopping point of the ten-week procedure, the pupils, receive the Ohio appraisal once more, as a posttest and an result step for finding if pupils developed an apprehension of the lesson, and the ability to implement the accomplishments. Harmonizing the Undertaking Success Manuel the expected results of the Safety Net plan are as follows: dropout bar, precluded by inordinate absence and other signifiers of behavioural jobs, necessitated by lacking societal accomplishments and other internally regulated tools, such as self-efficacy and motive. Through the lessons outlined in the course of study usher, the outlook is that pupils will have the necessary header and societal accomplishments for school success and high school bar. The following targeted result is character edifice, in the signifier of self-esteem, self-awareness, judgement and communicating. The coveted result that follows character development is resilience, the development of a support system of pupil s pick and designation of cognitive behavioural tools to get the better of jobs with household and equals. The concluding desired result of the Safety Net Program and Project Success course of study is life accomplishments development, in the signifier of end development, drug and intoxicant consciousness and bar. After plan referral, choice for the Safety Net plan, intercession method relies on the confidential showing signifier on which pupils personally identify behaviours, which place them in a bad class, of dropping out of school or other foreseeable behavioural, academic or legal jobs of a condemnable nature. This signifier assesses hazard, in order to place bad pupils. Once, pupils are deemed to be high hazard they are given a pre-test, they undergo 10 hebdomads of intercession, targeted behavioural alterations will be discussed in the organic structure of the paper. At the apogee of the ten- hebdomad intercession, pupils take a posttest ; these two trials receive scientific comparing as a agency of finding plan effectivity. As good, pupil s parent or guardian takes a parental version of the same assessment tool ; parental informations will be included in the rating every bit good. Students who participate in the Safety Net plan, must be willing participants, they must expose the ability to acquire along with the Safety Net counsellor every bit good as show the adulthood to map within a peer-facilitated group. A pupil who meets the lower limit demands for engagement in the Safety Net plan, already possess the inherit strength of resilience. Never underestimate the power of resilience ( Nims A ; Hamm, 2006 ) . The pupils, which the Safety Net plan accepts for engagement, must exhibit a desire for plan engagement. Safety Net counsellors are advised non force or promote engagement of any pupils, who does non exhibit a willingness to be a portion of the group therapy procedure. The appraisal setup herein described as the Ohio The Ohio Mental Health Consumer Outcomes System, Youth Problem, and Functioning and, Satisfaction Scale is an appraisal administered in the signifier a pre and posttest study incorporating 48 inquiries given to- both parents and pupil participants. The instrument consist of 20 inquiries in respect to day-to-day operation, 8 inquiries sing relationships, emphasis and mental wellness intervention and eventually 20 inquiries sing mundane activity in relation to family and equal relatedness. Ethical considerations for working with kids, include the undermentioned Basic policy that affects pupils, take parting in plans such as this, IDEA- Persons with Disabilities Act, NCLB- No Child Left Behind, and educational best patterns of each in relation to the NASW Code of Ethical motives The completion of this plan rating, defined as a set of doctrines and methods that aim to find what works in human service bringing systems ( Grinnell, 2007 ) . The completion of this plan rating utilized the execution of quantitative informations analysis utilizing descriptive statistics and a mated samples t-test as the methodological analysis. By implementing, the one group pretest-post trial as the research design, for the aggregation, each pupil s pre and station Ohio trial mark. The mated samples t-test was ran to find the groups Ohio assessment norm mark, in order to find if a statistically important difference was present after finishing the Safety Net plan. For the intent of finding if plan engagement, depicts an betterment in this sample groups behavioural operation, as stated in response to the Ohio trial questionnaire. The hypothesis, established for this research design, states that the Safety Net plan would turn out to be an effectual intervention method for the sampl e group, which if proven, could probably reiterate, in a broader survey of the plan s effectivity. The sample consisted of secondary informations, in the signifier of a pre and post-test collected on 120 pupil participants, during the 2009-2010 school old ages. The Ohio appraisal setup contained 48 inquiries given to pupil participants, as a agency of measuring pupils job badness in comparing to pupil s degree of working anterior to intercession and at the apogee of 10 hebdomads of intercession. The instrument consists of 20 inquiries sing day-to-day operation, 8 inquiries sing relationships, emphasis and mental wellness intervention and eventually 20 inquiries sing mundane activity in relation to school, place and equal relatedness. The statistics for the sample group are as follows: Pre- Trial Mean: 76 Standard Deviation 10 Post- Trial Mean:80 Standard Deviation: 8 T-stat: 3.9 The T- stat, finding of 3.9 is statistically important with a step degree.05, as the significance index. The information once and for all proves that the pupil s degrees of perceptual experience sing working when compared with pupil perceived jobs, significantly increased after completion of the Safety Net Intervention plan. The consequences suggest that the pupils perceived working in relation to their jobs improved from 76 to 78. One defect in the researches design is that it does non see the Ohio tonss of the parents and instructors who may hold a more nonsubjective sentiment than the pupil is leting for a broader reading of result ( Grinnell, A ; Unrau, 2007 ) . Harmonizing to Durant, procedure result based plan rating, are limit the plan rating by neglecting to react to subsequent unfavorable judgment, by turn toing pertinent constituents of holistic rating. ( Durant, 2001 ) . Conducting, an through empirical observation based research survey is a strong project, which requires cognition, accomplishment and ability. The research contained herein, is a direct contemplation of the research workers ability and skill degree. The research procedure contained herein depicts capable command ; with a greater apprehension of the research p

Corporate Social Responsibilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Corporate Social Responsibilities - Essay Example Through a commitment to CSR, organisations play a role in solving economic, social and environmental problems. On the other hand, the internal forces that can contribute to CRS include pressure from shareholders and employees (Alessia et al. 2009). While, external forces contributing to CRS in organisations include consumer demand, government policies, technological advancement and social activism. In the contemporary business environment, the reputation or image of firms depends on the disclosure of their activities to the public. In this regard, CSR reports made available to the public allows internal and external stakeholders to examine the contribution of firms towards CSR activities. The growing consumer awareness has also increased pressure on corporations to publish annual CSR reports (Obserseder et al., 2014). These reports mainly focus on how firms are dealing with societal concerns regarding environmental pollution, climate change and resource depletion. Conversely, while t here is debate concerning the importance of corporate self-reporting, the emergence of international guidelines and standards suggests that consumers are increasingly basing their purchase decisions on such information (Alessia et al. 2009). This paper examines corporate social responsibilities report of three companies that include BMW, Adidas and Shell. In the modern business environment, CSR reports are important because they help to enhance the image of firms in the public domain. Through these reports, firms are in a position to highlight on their business activities. Since the consumers are becoming aware regarding sustainable development, it is in the interest of companies to disclose their CSR activities. Such activities may include, for instance, community initiatives, safety at the workplace, stakeholder engagement, corporate governance and

Analysis the poster of the pursuit of happiness Essay

Analysis the poster of the pursuit of happiness - Essay Example The image text vividly demonstrates logos by engaging us in a reasoned discussion about parent-teacher or father-son relationships (Pursuit of Happiness). It seems to recommend an appropriate model which is to bring along with us everyone who brings happiness and means the world to us. Also, the photo demonstrates a huge and tall parent (Pursuit of Happiness). This can be analyzed to imply strength and protection. On the other hand, the undersized son does not necessarily symbolize the opposite. Rather, the small son embodies an image of security. The father looking down on the son might also mean a person watching over their treasure. Furthermore, the son looking away is likely to create an image of a little person content with the protection they receive and enjoy. As discussed, there is a more subtle message underlying the image text. Pathos is the next rhetoric device in discussion. Pathos entails all the possible feelings a text-image inspires in the audience. In this case, the son leaning towards the reassuring father creates a feeling of passionate love between the two. Another imperative aspect is the emotions expressed in their faces. The father is half-smiling while the son wears a broad smile (Pursuit of Happiness). The suggestion is clear. The individuals share immense joy. The same feeling is passed on to the attentive members of the audience. The devices to be discussed next belong to the second set earlier referred to as ‘visual’ devices. What is meant by that is that they are perceived best by the eye. First on the list is foregrounding/ back-grounding. In the background, we can see the sun disappearing around the point just below where the pair are clutching hands. This is a symbol perhaps of retiring to a place of comfort possibly home after a long and tiresome day. Also, in the background we can see a city (Pursuit of Happiness). It implies these are individuals seeking the comfort of home after maybe a

Religion is the Cause of War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Religion is the Cause of War - Essay Example They may have heard the news about religious wars and conflicts, and they themselves may have come to believe that religion is the reason behind civil war conflicts and even internationally known incidents like the 911 terror attacks on the World Trade Center in 2001. Nevertheless, they may not exactly know why this is so or what exactly is going on in the minds of religious terrorists or those people who wage war and conflict in the name of religion or God. The paper is therefore intended for them in order to enlighten them and strengthen their belief in the idea that religion is indeed a significant and primary cause of war. The reasons in order to establish this thesis are to be presented as ideas of individual experts on the topic. The expected response is a greater awareness of the idea and development of a mind which is independent of religious influence. The less religion can get into one’s psyche, the less chances it will encourage one towards conflict. The point that the presentation is aiming at is that sociologically and psychologically, religion is a major cause of war. According to Jonathan Fox (2004), who is a lecturer of political studies in Bar-Ilan University in Maryland, and who was Ph.D. in Government and Politics, which he received from the University of Maryland, religion causes war because it is modernity that has triggered its role. Although many theorists thought that religion would disappear or would somehow dissolve into something insignificant because of the advent of modernization, religion has somehow even attained a stronger role in society more than ever. There are various reasons and evidence presented by Fox in order to establish his point. First, efforts at modernization have actually failed in many countries of the Third World where modernization was introduced. The western secular ideologies introduced by modernization have actually caused a backlash in these areas of the world. The reason for this is the strong religi ous culture of the Third World, which is mostly tribal in nature and mostly highly specific among natives, which means that they may not include an extremely large community of believers like Christians. Actually, tribal groups like those of African tribes and even some cults have members who are more loyal to their groups than those belonging to large religions like Christianity and Islam. This is something that proponents of modernization failed to see. Modernization has actually therefore failed to anticipate the role of traditional lifestyles, morals and community values. These things actually strengthen the community and religious spirit of the people who are members of these religious tribal groups. That is why the more these groups are threatened by modernization, the more religious they will tend to be and the more violent or defensive they may become in order to defend their identity. This means that anything that condemns or threatens the stability of these small religions is actually conflict. The more these religions are threatened, the more violent the members become and the more they tend to cause conflict and war. One last point that Fox (2004) emphasizes is that the newfound freedom that democracy has afforded the common individual when it comes to choosing his religion has actually made people increase in their religiosity. This means that people who have freely chosen their systems of faith actually have a greater reason for defending their religion for defending it means defending their choice, as choice often reflects one’

Impacts Of Mass Tourism On Ecotourism Sites Tourism Essay

Impacts Of Mass Tourism On Ecotourism Sites Tourism Essay This essay will mainly deal with the social, economic and environmental impacts of mass tourism on ecotourism taking into consideration that ecotourism can be seen as a form of mass tourism (As Weaver (2001: 112) says, ecotourism can be and usually is a variant of mass tourism.). It will begin by examining ecotourism looking at what ecotourism is and some examples of ecotourism sites such as Couran Cove Island Resort and Boondall Wetlands Reserve in Queensland, Australia. It will then move onto mass tourism again looking at what defines mass tourism and looking into areas that are considered to be mass tourism sites such as Benidorm and Mallorca in Spain. This will then move onto the impacts of mass tourism on ecotourism taking into account the social, economic and environmental impacts, drawing examples from the case studies above in Spain and Australia. Then it will briefly examine ecotourism as a form of mass tourism as stated by Weaver (2001). The most common definition of ecotourism is that it is a nature-based tourism and a form of sustainable tourism ecologically, socio-culturally and economically (Font Buckley, 2001: 32; Weaver, 2001: 105; Lim McAleer, 2005: 1431) and also as Ceballos-Lascurà ¡in 1996 (cited in Scheyvens 2002: 71) says Ecotourism is environmentally responsible, enlightening travel and visitation to relatively undisturbed natural areas in order to enjoy and appreciate nature (and any accompanying cultural features both past and present) that promotes conservation, has low visitor impact, and provides for beneficially active socio-economic involvement of local populations. The International Ecotourism Society has six main principles for ecotourists (this is the term this essay will use for tourists visiting ecotourism sites throughout the essay). These include: Minimizing impact on the environment Gain environmental and cultural awareness of the site to help respect and conserve the site. Provide positive experiences for both visitors and hosts. Provide direct financial benefits for conservation. Provide economic benefits to the host locals. Raise sensitivity to host countries political, environmental and social climate. (The International Ecotourism Society, 2010) Ecotourism can be divided into hard and soft-ecotourism. Hard ecotourism generally does not impact as much negatively on the environment as it tends to deal with tourists who are aware of the importance of sustainability, visits tend to be prolonged visits so the tourists actively engage in conserving the environment and respect the environment in which they are visiting (Weaver Lawton, 2002: 362). According to the International Ecotourism Society (2006: 4), In Europe: 20%-30% of travelers are aware of needs values of sustainable tourism. 10%-20% of travelers look for green options. 5%-10% of travelers demand green holidays. Soft ecotourism, which is the type of ecotourism that is most associated with mass tourism, is when tourists have a level of understanding of sustainability but are not as committed to actively participating in being sustainable and so do not respect the area they are visiting as much (Weaver Lawton, 2002: 363). Visits tend to be once-off day trips resulting in groups of people arriving by bus, which could happen a few times a day. These short term visits could potentially be more harmful, as the tourists may not have as much of an awareness or interest in protecting the environment they are visiting and may not be as careful as they should be they could cause physical damage, by stepping on plant species, which could in turn reduce biodiversity, which is harmful to an ecosystem. In the case of Queensland, Australia, it could be argued that it is a soft-ecotourism site, taking a figure from Lim and McAleer (2005: 1433) seen below, overnight visitors have fluctuated between 1995 an d 2000 however, in the case of intra and interstate visitors they have increased since 1995. The fact that the figure deals with overnight visitors, could be seen as a short-term stay, which coincides with soft ecotourism activity. Figure 1: Visitor arrivals in Queensland. (Source: Ibid: 1433) Examples of ecotourism sites include Couran Cove Island Resort, Boondall Wetlands Reserve Australia and the Great Barrier Reef, in Australia. Mass tourism can be defined as a quantitative notion, based on the proportion of the volume of the population participating in tourism or on the volume of tourist activity Burkart Medlik 1974 (cited in Bramwell, 2004: 7). Coming into the notion of mass tourism is the concept of the 3Ss Sun, Sea and Sand holidays. Spain became the most popular area for tourism by the 1990s there was a need to develop new products and promote new destinations (DeCleir, 2010). Mass tourism can also be associated with winter sports taking the Alps for example, which will be discussed later on in the essay. Mass tourism can tend to increase the pressure on the environment due to the large tourist volumes, which is not unlike soft ecotourism. Examples of areas that experience mass tourism are Benidorm and Mallorca in Spain and the winter sports in the Alps. Benidorm, a fishing village in Spain, so it could be deemed an ecotourism site, has seen considerable mass tourism effects The demands of mass tou rism have turned this place into a monster of an urban resort with high rise hotels, a shopping mall, bars (Schindler and Mindjov, p.1). Mass tourism can be seen to have an impact on ecotourism sites also. The three main areas where mass tourism has an effect on ecotourism are socially, economically and environmentally. Firstly, this essay will examine the economic impacts of mass tourism on ecotourism sites drawing examples from Spain. As can be seen from Table 1, tourism contributions to Spains Gross Domestic Product has increased significantly from 2000 to 2007, increasing by à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬38,995 in seven years. Table 1: Tourism Contribution to Spanish GDP. (Source: Spanish Statistics Institute, Tourism Satellite Account of Spain (cited in Spanish Tourism in Figures 2009: 8). Tourism is an economic generator, not only do the host destination benefit from the amount of money coming in from the tourists but also, the fact that the site is a tourist site, creates employment in the area. As Lim and McAleer (2005: 1432) says, For many countries and regions, tourism represents one of the few opportunities for local development, employment and revenue generation. However, regions can develop an over-dependency on tourism in relation to GDP. Taking the Maldives for example, 80% of their GDP comes from tourism (DeClair, 2010). This over-dependence on tourism can result in the tourism industry in the region declining. Another impact of mass tourism is environmental. Environmental impacts include: sustainability preservation and conservation, physical damage which can result in a reduction of biodiversity and visual impact, and pollution. Taking the effect winter sports in the Alps as mentioned earlier, as an example The Alps could be considered to be an ecotourism site as it is a natural area, however it could be argued that it has not really been very beneficial at having a low impact on its environment through extensive tourism mass tourism. The winter sports that take place on the Alps have done a lot of damage to the mountains in terms of loss of biodiversity. For example, there have been reports that the black grouse population has declined and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has suggested that this decline is linked to the spread of winter sports (Patthey et al., 2008: 2). In the Couran Cove Island Resort, they have measures in place to protect their environ ment from tourists, for example, they have put into place a re-vegetation and rehabilitation program which they hope will help conserve existing vegetation and integrated within this program they hope to provide education to the local community about the fragile ecosystem (Lim and McAleer, 2005: 1433). They have also built eco-cabins that are built on stumps, the idea being that the surrounding environment can be left undisturbed and yet the tourists can still see the habitats in their natural environment (ibid: 1434). Mass tourism can cause congestion in an ecotourism site during peak seasons this could result in pollution of an area and visual degradation. In the case of the economic and environmental, these two impacts can be linked together. If a ecotourism site is getting a lot of tourists, then they are taking in revenue. The more money generated from tourism, the more the money that can go back into the conservation and preservation the sustainability of the area. In the case of social impacts on a site, as Hall and Lew (2009: 180) say, the development of the tourism industry can contribute broadly to changes in the quality of life, social structure and social organization of destination communities. These social impacts can be both positive and negative. Generally, however, the host residents are prepared to put up with the negative impacts as the positive ones are so desirable (DeCleir, 2010). Employment, although mainly an economic impact, can also be a social impact. With employment, comes the need for education and upskilling, which can be seen as a personal social benefit. When a person has a job, they are getting a regular income and so will feel safer in knowing that they can meet their basic needs (Hall and Lew, 2009: 180). In addition to this, when people have more money, they can go out and socialise with their friends or meet new people. Acculturation (when two cultures are in contact over a long period of time, there is a danger o f them becoming similar (DeCleir, 2010)), can become a problem in a tourist area, which could eventually lead to the loss of an original culture of the area. This can lead to a reduction in diversity the loss of cultural identity can affect host destinations local people, especially the elderly, as they may lose the traditional ways of life that they grew up with, which could affect their sense of security in where they live. According to Weaver (2001:104) ecotourism as both a reality and an ideal can logically be conceived as a form of mass tourism Although mass tourism can have an effect on ecotourism, ecotourism can be seen as a form of mass tourism. Soft ecotourism in particular is more often associated with mass tourism as shorter, more intensive trips are considered more damaging than longer trips as, as said at the beginning of this essay, visits tend to be once off day-trips, with loaded tour buses arriving with groups of people to visit a site all in one day; whereas with longer trips, the tourists are less likely to stay or impact upon a site all day continuously. Mass tourism can have both positive and negative effects on ecotourism sites. Positive impacts include, an increase in popularity of a site which will lead to more revenue being created which can in turn be reinvested back into the conservation of the site. Negative impacts of mass tourism tend to outweigh the positive impacts; some negative impacts include, physical impact the damage that can be done to the site, its attractiveness and reduction of biodiversity, for example, the winter sports in the Alps increased congestion during peak seasons and seasonality for example, in Greece, most hotels are closed for six months of the year (DeCleir, 2010). All of the above effects can be separated into three categories of impacts social, economic and environmental, which have all been dealt with in this essay.

Vouchers and School Choice - Vouchers are Not the Solution Essay

School Vouchers: Not the Solution       As standardized test scores continue to plummet and our nation falls farther behind such industrial rivals as Germany, England, Australia and Japan in comparable education, parents are questioning the current system of education. After being kicked around the national agenda for decades, the school voucher issue is finally being emphasized in several state legislatures, as well as in Congress. In the website titled "Vouchers: No, but...Taxpayer Help to Parents will Advance Separation", David Bahurlich reinforces his support of school vouchers, both publicly and privately funded, in an attempt to show that vouchers will lead to a better quality of education for the children in our school system today. Although I agree with the goals he thinks this will accomplish, I do not think vouchers to be the most effective manner of accomplishing them.    There are two possible forms the voucher system that is being advocated could take. The first involves matching vouchers in which local businesses provide half of the money for the education of each child and parents match this amount, dollar for dollar ("Privately Funded"). The second form is the one being pushed for the strongest on the national level, public school vouchers. In this system the parents will be given an Educational Performance Grant (EPG) for each child, which can be spent on that child's education in either a private or parochial school, in a different public school system, or on something else entirely. Idealistically, this would force the public institutions to compete for the best students and for funding, leading to a better quality of education ("Freedom Lovers", "Vouchers"). The EPGs would be created by allotting ea... ...eries" February 25, 1997 (http://www.weac.org/resource/nov96/vouchers.html) "Freedom Lovers For Tax-Funded Vouchers" February 25, 1997 (http://www.sepschool.org/edlib/v2n6/favors.html) "Interview with David R. Henderson" February 25, 1997 (http://www.sepschool.org/edlib/v2n6/squirm.html) "Privately Funded School Vouchers" February 25, 1997 (http://www.cbn.org/news/stories/vouchers.html) "Recent Education Publications" February 25, 1997 (http://www.rand.org/publications/RRR/RRR.winter945education/ Recent_Education.html) "Short Takes on Vouchers" February 25, 1997 (http://www.sepschool.org/edlib/v2n8/shorts.html) "Vouchers: No, but...Taxpayer Help to Parents will Advance Separation" rebuttals by David Bahurlich February 25, 1997 (http://www.sepschool.org/edlib/v2n8/advance.html)    Back to the Main Page My Knees are Shaking   

Determination of a Rate Law Lab Report

Determination of a Rate Law Megan Gilleland 10. 11. 2012 Dr. Charles J. Horn Abstract: This two part experiment is designed to determine the rate law of the following reaction, 2I-(aq) + H2O2(aq) + 2H+I2(aq) + 2H2O(L), and to then determine if a change in temperature has an effect on that rate of this reaction. It was found that the reaction rate=k[I-]^1[H2O2+]^1, and the experimental activation energy is 60. 62 KJ/mol. Introduction The rate of a chemical reaction often depends on reactant concentrations, temperature, and if there’s presence of a catalyst.The rate of reaction for this experiment can be determined by analyzing the amount of iodine (I2) formed. Two chemical reactions are useful to determining the amount of iodine is produced. 1) I2(aq) + 2S2O32-(aq) 2I-(aq)+S4O62-(aq) 2) I2(aq) + starch Reaction 2 is used only to determine when the production of iodine is occurring by turning a clear colorless solution to a blue color. Without this reaction it would be very diff icult to determine how much iodine is being produced, due to how quickly thiosulfate and iodine react. Related article: Measuring Reaction Rate Using Volume of Gas Produced Lab AnswersHowever this reaction does not determine the amount of iodine produced, it only determines when/if iodine is present in solution. Reaction 1 is used to determine how much iodine is produced. To understand how the rate constant (k) is temperature dependent, another set of data is recorded in week two’s experiment using six trials and three different temperatures(two trials per temperature change). Using the graph of this data we determine the energy required to bend of stretch the reactant molecules to the point where bonds can break or form, and then assemble products (Activation Energy, Ea).Methods To perform the experiment for week 1, we first prepare two solutions, A and B, as shown in the data. After preparing the mixtures, we mix them together in a flask and carefully observe the solution, while timing, to see how long it takes for the solution to change from clear to blue. We use this method for all 5 trials, and record the time it takes to change color, indicating the reaction has taken place fully. This data is used to find p (trials1-3) and q (trials3-5), to use in our rate law. This experiment concluded that both p and q are first order.The rate constant average of all five trials is used as just one point on the Arrhenius Plot. In week 2, we perform the experiment to test the relation of temperature to the rate of reaction. We start by again, preparing six solutions. We prepared two trials/solutions at 0 degrees Celsius, two and 40 degrees Celsius, and two at 30 degrees Celsius. Again, for each trial we mixed solution A with B, and carefully timed the reaction to look for a color change that indicates the reaction is complete. The interpretation of this data indicated out results of whether temperature has an effect on the rate of this reaction.Results- It is determined that the rate of reaction is dependent on the temperature in which the reaction occurs. The sol utions observed at 40 degrees Celsius reacted at a quicker rate, than those at lesser temperatures, in a linear manor. Data Week 1 Table 1: Solution Concentrations Week 1- Room Temperature trial #| solution A| | | | | Solution B| | | | | | buffer| 0. 3MKI| starch| 0. 02MNa2S2O3| Distilled water| 0. 1MH2O2| time(s)| total volume(mL)| | 1| 5. 01| 2. 0| 0. 4| 5. 0| 21. 68| 6. 0| 585| 40. 01| | | 2| 5. 0| 4. 0| 0. 4| 5. 0| 19. 60| 6. 0| 287| 40. 00| | | 3| 5. 2| 6. 0| 0. 4| 5. 0| 17. 60| 6. 0| 131| 40. 02| | | 4| 5. 0| 6. 0| 0. 4| 5. 0| 13. 62| 10. 0| 114| 40. 02| | | 5| 5. 0| 6. 02| 0. 4| 5. 0| 9. 60| 14. 0| 80| 40. 02| | | Calculations Week 1 1. Find the moles of S2O3-2 Take the value from NaS2O3 *(0. 2)/1000 (5)*(0. 2)/1000= 0. 001 mol of S2O32- 2. Find moles of I2 Take S2O32- /2 (0. 001)/2=0. 0005mol 3. Find I2 Mol I2*1000/vol mL (0. 0005)*1000/40)= 0. 000799885 mol 4. Find the rate of change Take (I2)/ (seconds) (0. 000799885)/(585)= 1. 36732Ãâ€"10-6 M/s 5. Find [I-]0 (0. 300 M KI )*(2. 00mL)/( the final volume)=0. 015 M 6.Find the Ln of [I-]0 Ln(0. 015)=-4. 19970508 7. Find [H2O2]0 Take (0. 10 M H2O2)*(6. 00mL)/ ( final volume)=0. 015 M 8. Ln of [H2O2]0 Ln(0. 015)= -4. 19970508 9. Find the Ln of rate: Ln(2. 13675Ãâ€"10-5)=-10. 753638 10. The last step for week one calculations is to calculate the average value of k. Rate= k [I-]1[H2O2]. (2. 13675*10-5 ) = k [0. 015] [0. 015] then solve for k. For this trial, k=0. 09497. This is then done for all trials. Then, once all five values of k are found, the average is taken by adding all five values of k and dividing by 5. The experimental k average is 0. 05894M/s. Table 2: Calculations Week 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | solution#| mol s2O3-2| mol I2| I2| (rate) changeI2/change in temp| [I-]o| ln[I-]o| [H2O2]0| ln[H2O2]o| ln rate| k | | 1| 0. 001| 0. 0005| 0. 0125| 2. 13675E-05| 0. 015| -4. 19970| 0. 015| -4. 19971| -10. 753| 0. 0949| | 2| 0. 001| 0. 0005| 0. 0125| 4. 3554E-05| 0. 030| -3. 50655| 0. 015| -4. 19971| -10 . 041| 0. 0967| | 3| 0. 001| 0. 0005| 0. 0125| 9. 54198E-05| 0. 045| -3. 10109| 0. 015| -4. 19971| -9. 2572| 0. 1413| | 4| 0. 001| 0. 0005| 0. 0125| 0. 000109649| 0. 045| -3. 10109| 0. 025| -3. 68888| -9. 1182| 0. 974| | 5| 0. 001| 0. 0005| 0. 0125| 0. 00015625| 0. 045| -3. 09776| 0. 035| -3. 35241| -8. 7640| 0. 0988| | | | | | | | | | | k avg| 0. 1059| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Data Week 2 Table 3: Solution Concentrations Week 2- Varied Temperatures trial #| solution A| | | | | Solution B| | | Temp(C)| | | buffer| 0. 3MKI| starch| 0. 02MNa2S2O3| Distilled water| 0. 1MH2O2| time(s)| total volume (mL)| | 1| 5. 00| 6. 01| 0. 42| 5. 00| 13. 60| 10. 00| 692| 40. 03| 1. 0| | 2| 5. 00| 6. 00| 0. 40| 5. 00| 9. 60| 14. 00| 522| 40. 00| 1. 0| | 3| 5. 00| 2. 00| 0. 40| 5. 02| 21. 0| 6. 00| 152| 40. 02| 40. 0| | 4| 5. 00| 4. 00| 0. 40| 5. 02| 19. 60| 6. 00| 97| 40. 02| 40. 0| | 5| 5. 00| 6. 00| 0. 40| 5. 02| 17. 60| 6. 00| 110| 40. 02| 30. 0| | 6| 5. 00| 4. 00| 0. 40| 5. 00| 19. 60| 6. 00| 137 | 40. 00| 30. 0| | Calculations Week 2 1) Find amount of I2 moles produced in the main reaction using Volume of Na2SO4 used, stock concentration of Na2SO4 solution, and the Stoichiometry (2mol Na2SO4 to 1 mol I2) for all six trials. Trial 1: (. 005 L Na2SO4)(. 02 moles Na2SO4/1. 0L)(1 mol I2/2 mol Na2SO4)= . 00005 mol I2 Use this method for all six trials ) Find the reaction rate using moles of I2 produced, measured time in seconds, and Volume of total solution for all six trials Trial 1: (. 00005 mol I2/. 0403L)=(. 00124906 mol/L) /(692seconds)= . 00000181mol/L(s) Use this method for all six trials 3) Find the rate constant using the reaction rate, measured volumes used, stock concentrations, and the rate law of the main reaction. Trial 1: K=(. 00000181MOL/L(s))/((. 01 L H2O2)(. 1 M H2O2)/. 0403L total))((. 3MKI)(. 006LKI)/. 0403L total)=. 00107 Use this method for all six trials 4) To graph, we must calculate Ln(k) and 1/Temp(K) for each individual trial.Trial 1: Ln(. 00107)=-6. 8 401 and 1/T = 1/692sec=-. 00365k^-1 Use calculation method 1-4 for all six trials Table 4: Calculations Week 2 solution#| mol I2| Rate (change I/change in time)| K (min-1)| Ln k| Temp (K)| 1/T (k-1)| 1| . 00005| . 00000181| . 00107| -6. 8401| 274| . 00365| 2| . 0000502| . 00000240| . 00152| -6. 48904| 274| . 00365| 3| . 0000502| . 00000825| . 0370| -3. 29684| 313| . 00319| 4| . 0000502| . 0000129| . 0290| -3. 54046| 313| . 00319| 5| . 0000502| . 0000114| . 0171| -4. 06868| 303| . 00330| 6 | . 00005| . 00000912| . 0203| -3. 89713| 303| . 0330| From the graph, we see that the slope is -7291. To Find the Activation Energy we multiply by the rate constant of 8. 314J/mol(K), which equals -60617. 4 J/mol. We then convert this value to kilojoules by dividing by 1000, equaling 60. 62 kJ/mol. Analysis uncertainty- Due to the limit of significant figures in stock solutions used, the resulting data is limited in correctness. Also, temperature fluctuations during the experiment by even a half d egree would obscure the data of the exact rate constant, k. One of our R^2 coefficients for the experiment was in fact greater than 0. , and the other slightly less than 0. 9 meaning the one lesser is not considered a good fit. The deviation in goodness of fit may have been due to our data recording. Discussion- Determination of the rate law and activation energy of a chemical reaction requires a few steps. By varying the concentrations of reactants it was determined that the reaction is first order with respect to both [I-] and [H2O2+]. Measuring the reaction rate at multiple temperatures allows calculation of the activation energy of the process, in this case the activation energy of the reaction is found to be 60. 2 kJ/mol. As you have seen through all the previous data, charts and graphs, this exothermic rate of a reaction is dependent on solution concentrations, a catalyst, and temperature. References 1 Determination of a Rate Law lab document, pages 1-6, Mesa Community College CHM152LL website, www. physci. mc. maricopa. edu/Chemistry/CHM152, accessed 10/9/2012. 2 Temperature Dependence of a Rate Constant lab document, pages 1-3, Mesa Community College CHM152LL website, www. physci. mc. maricopa. edu/Chemistry/CHM152, accessed 10/9/2012.

12 Types of Travel Writing Every Writer Should Know

12 Types of Travel Writing Every Writer Should Know 12 Types of Travel Writing Every Writer Should Know So, you want to be a travel writer?There are plenty of reality doses out there already, so we’re going to focus on the positives, and what you can do to maximize your chances of travel writing professionally. One of the first steps: you should absolutely know your markets, and what types of travel writing are popular in them. In today’s competitive market, this knowledge can both help you structure your article  and target the right audience. If you’re freelance writing, always check submission guidelines. Publications may accept only pitches or they may welcome articles â€Å"on spec† (pre-written articles). Some sources only take travel articles that were written within 6 months of the trip.If you’re blogging, brand your website (same advice if you’re an author who’s building an author website).If you’re writing a book, get a professional editor! An unedited book is an unwieldy thing, and professional eyes provide direction, continuity, and assonance. (Layout designers can be important if you’re publishing a travel photography book, in the meanwhile.)Travel writing isn't a cinch. In fact, it's a long and often hard grind. But by figuring out what type of travel writing you want to try your hand at, you're taking the crucial first step.Have you tried travel writing before? Want to show us the cool travel blog that you're keeping? We're always in the mood for great travel w riting + pretty pictures. Leave us a note in the comments and we'll be sure to check it out!

Democracy and Jacksonian Democrats Essay Example

Democracy and Jacksonian Democrats Essay Example Democracy and Jacksonian Democrats Essay Democracy and Jacksonian Democrats Essay Jacksonian democrats viewed themselves as the guardians of the Constitution, political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of economic opportunity. In light of the documents and your knowledge of the 1820s and 1830s, to what extent do you agree with the Jacksonians view of themselves? Jacksonian democrats viewed themselves as the guardians of the Constitution, political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of economic opportunity. In light of the documents and your knowledge of the 1820s and 1830s, to what extent do you agree with the Jacksonians view of themselves? AP AM HISTORY DBQ 4 (An A+ Essays Original Paper, written by Zoo Patrol) Jacksonian Democrats viewed themselves as the guardians of the United States Constitution, political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of economic opportunity. In light of the following documents and your knowledge of the 1820s and the 1830s, to what extent do you agree with the Jacksonians view of themselves. Unlike previous presidents, Andrew Jackson represented the common men. He and his followers did not support the aristocrats, but instead favored the interests of farmers and urban workers. When they gained power, the Jacksonian Democrats brought about great advances in creating a more democratic and economically equal society. One of the most important changes that Jackson brought was a much more democratic society. You no longer had to be a rich landowner to be allowed to vote. Most of the states removed any religious or property qualifications for holding office. The number of voters increased nearly by seven times during Jacksons presidency. By 1832, nearly all states adopted a new system for choosing for choosing its electors. Before Jacksons presidency, the electors were chosen by state legislatures. Now all the states in the Union, except South Carolina, had adopted a more democratic method of allowing voters to choose their states electors. Also, during Jacksons era, many state and local officials were elected to office, instead of being appointed. This gave the voters more control of their local government, and increased participation in elections. Another principle of the Jacksonian Democracy was the rotation system. Jackson limited a persons stay in office to just one term, and then appoint another in his place. Jacksonian Democrats believed that any American was capable of holding government office. Jackson also said that if a man were to hold office for a lengthy period of time, he would be capable of tolerating conduct from which an unpracticed man would revolt. Along with rotation, the Jacksonian Democrats reestablished the spoils system. Jackson fired any previous office holder who was not a loyal Democrat. He would then appoint a Democrat to that position. The spoils system and rotation were advances toward greater political democracy, because they showed that one man is just as good as another is. In addition to creating a more democratic country, Jackson also tried to establish equal economic opportunity for the people of America. The best example of this is the vetoing of the charter of the Bank of the United States. The bank was a huge monopoly. It was ran by aristocrats, most of which were from England. Nicholas Biddle, who was the president of the bank, often used funds from the bank to lend money to the members of Congress, thus wining their support. In his veto message, Jackson wrote, It is to be regretted that rich and powerful too often bend the acts of government to their selfish purposes. This was true, since the bank was used to provide for the interests of the rich and not the common men such as the small farmers and urban workers. The attempt to create equality of economic opportunity is also evident in the Supreme Court case of Charles River Bridge vs. Warren Bridge. Chief Justice Roger B. Taney ruled that a single corporation does not have a right to collect toll and prevent other bridges from being built near it. Taney said, †¦we must not forget that the community also has rights, and that the happiness and well-being of every citizen depends on their faithful preservation. He did not want the bridge to become a monopoly and ruled that competition shall be allowed. Besides making progress toward greater democracy and equal economic opportunity, there was also greater equality of and individual liberty of the people. There was less poverty and the majority of people were middle-class citizens. Harriet Martineau wrote I had seen every man in towns as independent citizen; every man in country a landowner. This is true, because most of the white population lived in good conditions during Jacksons presidency. During Jacksons presidency there were many changes made toward a more democratic and economically equal society. The voting qualifications were abolished for white men, common people were allowed to hold office, and most of the citizens had equal economic opportunity.

Marketing Plan for Chic Nails, Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Marketing Plan for Chic Nails, Inc - Essay Example This nail polish is temperature-sensitive and has chemical components that react with heat and cold, resulting in identified colors: black means tense; gray means nervous; amber means mixed emotions; green means envious; blue-green means somewhat relaxed; blue means at ease; dark blue means very happy; white means frustrated; bronze means restless; pink means uncertain; yellow means imaginative; orange means optimistic; red means angry & purple means clarity. Chic Nails, Inc. distributes its products through its main branch and through varied retail outlets within Rome and Italy. It targets to penetrate international market within two years from the date of commercial launch in Italy. Rome’s population is predominantly female, the majority of which belongs to the 40 to 64 and 25 to 39 age brackets (Population Demographics in Rome GA. 2008). These women are Chic Nail Inc.’s target population, including the younger ones belonging to the 13 to 18 age bracket. The following are the characteristics of the target market: Chic Nails, Inc. is a start-up company that manufactures and distributes nail care products. It offers the standard line of nail polish hues, offering a total of 85 different colors in the market. However, its flagship product is the Mood Swings Collection, a nail polish type that is actually clear in color, but changes alongside the owner’s moods. This is done thru the incorporation of certain chemicals into the lacquer, which makes it sensitive to the temperature of the person wearing it. There is a particular color assignment to every â€Å"mood†, which in turn, corresponds to a temperature degree, usually signifying a change in the owner’s moods. The Mood Swings collection is a relatively new product of its kind. Due to the new mix in the chemical components of the product, the production cost is also relatively much higher than the standard collection, thus making it also priced higher than the rest of the competitors in the market.

Discussion borad about special education students Essay

Discussion borad about special education students - Essay Example Most practitioners maintain a reactive stance to various scenarios and the way majority respond to dilemmas or pressing situations are mirrored by the students who look on educators as role models. The diverse applications provided by technological breakthroughs and gadgets give students the orientation and privilege of locating solutions as the tip of their hands. Gone were the days when answers to traditional home works could only be researched by going to the school library and searching for the answers from diverse sources, using extra time and effort to prepare for the compliance of academic requirements. Now, students sit in front of the computer and navigate as answers unfold right in front of their eyes. But this is technological development and no one could contest the path it takes. The most that academicians could do at the point is to design strategies that would use technology in creative and innovative ways to hone problem solving and analytical skills of children. Our external environment provides immediate access to information and our students are just responding to the availability and easy access according to what is expected of them. As educators have already acknowledged that information is readily accessible, and its easy access endangers the ability of students to apply critical thinking, analyzing and problem-solving skills, the more that this environment should provide a challenge for us to use it to our advantage. We should be the one to change our stances to pro-active rather than merely reactive to address the dilemma of students’ inability to apply the needed skills in various scenarios. As a colleague has posted, â€Å"problem-solving, critical thinking and brainstorming often require additional time, team building skills and the effort to go the extra mile†. Teachers should provide the appropriate environment to hone these skills in students and enable them to discern the appropriate skills to use in times when these are needed.