Pollution on the High Seas Essay Example

Contamination on the High Seas Paper The most financially savvy and easiest answer for this looter is to have transporting organizations Start utilizing adjusted dugout fuel which will lessen the nitrogen-oxide discharges adequately decreasing air contamination and having the snappiest positive effect on the earth. It has been demonstrated that organizations that have built up a Corporate Social Responsibility program are more productive than the individuals who dont have a CARS. The International Maritime Organization is liable for setting rules for delivery organizations to follow, anyway the rules are hard to authorize. Presentation Many payload and journey ships face natural difficulties inside their equines capacities. There is the social and moral duty of securing the earth alongside giving practical nautical transportation administrations. Boats utilizing dugout fuel are making a lot of nitrous-oxide emanations which contaminate the air, high-grade fuel is accessible which consumes cleaner however is more costly than fortification fuel. Key Issues Issue 1: Lack of guideline and the capacity to implement natural security laws in the nautical payload delivery and extravagance luxury ship enterprises is influencing the earth. Ecological organizations are worried that the harm o nature will significantly raise. In 1990 land based sulfur dioxide emanations in Europe were around 1 0 times higher than ocean based discharges; by 2030, ocean based outflows will surpass land-based discharges (Griffin, Bert, Starker ; Lang, 201 1 p. 102). Reviews of boats ought to be led to guarantee adjustment to the International Marine Organization norms. Violators against the guidelines ought to be punished. Despite the fact that voyage lines and payload delivering are various businesses, the two of them have to have a similar social duty in ensuring nature. Despite the business there should be a typical duty to securing nature. Coming up next is the natural strategy of Markers Line. (Web, Markers Line). Our ecological strategy In Markers Line we accept holder delivering is tied in with making genuine and dependable chances and we advocate a reasonable, manageable way to deal with our business. We will compose a custom article test on Pollution on the High Seas explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Pollution on the High Seas explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Pollution on the High Seas explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Albeit moving products via ocean is the most vitality proficient and naturally neighborly method of transportation, we recognize that our vitality utilization and emanations as a holder dispatching line are huge. In this way Markers Line mean to make holders transportation considerably more naturally neighborly and cost proficient by proceeding to work with and connect the entirety of our partners. For Markers Line, securing nature is an issue of steady consideration in the manner we use assets, hopefulness tasks and handle squander. Working vessels in an earth sound way requires a reasonable and maintainable way to deal with long haul financial development. Our vessels are at the business cutting edge in eco-friendliness and execution of naturally well disposed advances and we keep on investigating approaches to improve. Our natural rationale is created and administered by a devoted office in Markers Line Health, Safety, and Environment and is profoundly instilled in the fundamental beliefs Of our organization. Coming up next is the Health, Environmental, Safety and Security Policy of Carnival Corporation ;PAL (Internet, Carnival Corporation).

Darwin's Dangerous Idea Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Darwin's Dangerous Idea Discussion - Essay Example Darwin’s advancement hypothesis cleared path for the science innovation to embrace new ways to deal with assess his thoughts. The nearby match between the human DNA and the DNA of the chimps is a logical finding that was initially drawn closer as a thought by Darwin. In this sense, Darwin was relatively revolutionary. By and by, I am suspicious of the possibility that things truly develop into something other than what's expected. I recognize the adjustment in the HUV quality with the presentation of medication in the patient with adjustment as opposed to development since advancement needs to actuate perpetual changes to vary from adjustment. By and large, the video was educational and educative. I concur that endurance in the regularly changing condition requires advancement for things with DNA. Indeed, even individuals have seen this development as far as the assortment of races, and highlights. In like manner, various assortments of a similar creature living in various conditions propose that the bodies have advanced in order to change in accordance with their surroundings. For instance, same creatures in the colder districts are textured while those in the hotter zones are most certainly not. Be that as it may, I vary with you on your thought of the speculations of Darwin about the relationship of all living this paving the way to this achievement as unique and unrivaled; almost 50 years before him, Jean-Baptist Lamarck who was a French naturalist had just proposed the possibility of event of development and had continued it as per the laws of nature. By and by, I do recognize that his proposition of the common selection’s thought as a methods for working for the a dvancement was unique. Truly, the researchers over the progression of time felt engaged by Darwin’s hypothesis since it proposed something so innately appealing to science with complete absence, if not invalidation, to what is past the range of the logical eye. You have caught Darwin’s apprehension and the basic purposes behind it

Updating Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

Updating Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theories Personality Psychology Print Updating Maslows Hierarchy of Needs By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on February 15, 2020 Gary Waters / Ikon / Getty Images More in Theories Personality Psychology Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Anyone who has ever taken a psychology class probably has at least a basic understanding of Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs. Maslow suggested that needs at the base of the pyramid, which include such things as food, water, and sleep, must be met before people can move on to needs higher up on the hierarchy.?? After fulfilling these fundamental needs, people move on to the need for safety and security, then belonging and love and then esteem. Finally, once all these lower-level needs are met, Maslow suggested that people move on the need at the peak of the pyramid, which is known as self-actualization. A 1976 paper by Wahba and Bridwell suggested that the uncritical acceptance of Maslows hierarchy needed to be addressed by additional research.?? Their review of the research available at the time found little support for the accuracy of the hierarchy. More recent research has offered some support for Maslow’s original hierarchy, but many suggest that the theory might be in need updated to reflect better the needs of modern life. Does Maslow’s Hierarchy Hold Up? Maslow’s hierarchy of needs continues to be widely popular and most well accepted, but the available evidence does not necessarily support Maslow’s theory. Maslows need hierarchy theory presents the student of work motivation with an interesting paradox, Wahba and Bridwell wrote. The theory is widely accepted, but there is little evidence to support it. In their review of the available research, Wahba and Bridwell found that there was little empirical support suggesting that needs exist in a hierarchy at all.??Other critics have also suggested that the original hierarchy does not account for the fact that needs tend to change based on the situation.Maslows theory also does not account for differences between individualist and collectivist cultures. Does Maslow’s Hierarchy Need to Be Updated? In 2010, a team of psychologists attempted to modernize Maslows hierarchy. Their renovated version of the classic needs pyramid was published in an issue of Perspectives on Psychological Sciences.?? While the original hierarchy contained five levels, this revised version included seven. The bottom four levels of this new version are quite similar to Maslows, but big changes can be seen at the top levels of the proposed new version. Most surprisingly perhaps was that it eliminated the very highest levels of the original versionâ€"that of self-actualization. Why eliminate self-actualization? The authors of the article suggested that while self-actualization is still significant and interesting, it is not an evolutionarily fundamental need. Instead, the authors suggested, many of the activities and pursuits that Maslow initially identified as self-actualizing represent basic biological drives, such as attracting a mate and having children.?? The Updated Hierarchy of Needs So what replaces self-actualization at the top of this revised hierarchy?Parenting takes the top spot, followed byMate retentionMate acquisitionStatus/esteemFollowing those needs is affiliation and self-protection.Immediate physiological needs make up the very base of the pyramid. Among human aspirations that are most biologically fundamental are those that ultimately facilitate reproduction of our genes in our childrens children, explained the studys lead author Douglas Kenrick of Arizona State University in a press release.?? For that reason, parenting is paramount. The proposed revisions to Maslows original hierarchy did not come without controversy, however. The journal issue containing the revised hierarchy also included four different commentary pieces that offered perspectives on the original and revised versions of the hierarchy. While many agreed with the basic premise of the revised version, particularly the evolutionary basis for the revisions, many took issue with the removal of self-actualization as a key motivating need. People in Different Cultures May Have Similar Needs Psychologist Ed Diener of the University of Illinois led a study that put the famous hierarchy of needs to the test in different countries all over the world.?? Researchers conducted surveys on food, shelter, safety, money, social support, respect, and emotions in 155 different countries between 2005 and 2010. While some aspects of their findings are consistent with Maslows theory, there were also some notable departures. The needs described in Maslows theory appear to be universal. However, in this research, the order in which these needs are met had little impact on peoples satisfaction with life. Our findings suggest that Maslows theory is largely correct. In cultures all over the world the fulfillment of his proposed needs correlates with happiness, Diener explained in a press release.?? However, an important departure from Maslows theory is that we found that a person can report having good social relationships and self-actualization even if their basic needs and safety needs are not completely fulfilled. While recent research seems to support the idea of universal human needs, support for Maslows ranked hierarchy remains elusive. The Psychology of What Motivates Us

The Effects of Illegal Immigration - 1182 Words

The Effects of Illegal Immigration The Effects of Illegal Immigration For centuries people have come across the United States borders from foreign countries hoping for a better life, a life that is free from unruly dictators and poverty for them and their families. They wanted to live in the land of opportunity so that they can make something of themselves; this is why we have some of the major problems with illegal immigration. Arizona, California, and Texas border the United States to Mexico; these states are where we have the majority of illegal immigration. Illegal immigration is the migration of foreign citizens into a country in circumstances where such people do not meet the legal requirements for migrating into that country.†¦show more content†¦By 2002 the school population had grown from 49 million students to 55 million students because of immigration. â€Å"The estimated cost to the American taxpayers for the education of immigrant children is $30 billion a year. Since 1980 nearly one third of Arizona children have immigrant parents, seven percent of those children are foreign born. This invasion of immigrants and their children are contributing to severe overcrowding of schools.† (FAIR) In Phoenix, schools are so crowded that students have to go to class in a former mall and there are over 700 elementary school children going to school in an old grocery store. The total K-12 school expenditure for illegal immigrants costs the state’s 74 billion annually, which is enough to buy a computer for every junior high student nationwide. â€Å"Poor English skills among foreign born residents cost more than $175 billion a year in lost productivity, wagers, tax revenues, and unemployment compensation.† (Gallaway) Medical services for Americans in affected communities are being severely damaged as hospitals absorb more than $200 million in uncollected costs. Some emergency rooms have shut down because they cannot afford to remain open. â€Å"Local taxpaying Americans are either denied medical care or have to wait in long lines as the illegal’s flood theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Illegal Immigration1507 Words   |  7 Pagesnation of immigrants but illegal immigration has created many consequences. The number of illegal immigrants living in the U.S. is 11 million in 2017 (Jens Manuel Krogstad) . An Illegal immigration can be defined as the action of come to live permanently in a foreign country without legal permits from the government. According to Immigration Laws, there are 28.4 million immigrants in the U.S. and roughly half of them are illegal immigrants (The Social Effects of Illegal Immigration). There are many argumentsRead MoreEffects Of Illegal Immigration1658 Words   |   7 PagesIllegal immigration and the effect on the United States of America Illegal immigration In the United States no one wants to spend more than they have to, especially when it does not benefit them directly. So why are we? In 2011 the Federation for American Immigration Reform released a document explaining the fiscal burden of taon the taxpayers â€Å"The annual costs of illegal immigration at the federal, state, and local level is $113 billion; $29 billion at the federal level and $84 billion at theRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Illegal Immigration1069 Words   |  5 Pages Immigration, by definition, is the term used to describe the action of coming to live in a foreign country permanently. Illegal immigration however, is the action of crossing, or overstaying, in a place that isn’t one’s native home, without guaranteed residence. For years, people have immigrated left and right due to various reasons and certain said opportunities. It wasn’t until the 1800’s, when the number of immigrants in the United States skyrocketed, that continuous debates about whether illegalRead MoreIllegal Immigration and Its Effect on America1808 Words   |  8 PagesIllegal Immigration and Its Effect On America Thesis: Learning as much as possible about Illegal Immigration so that we may understand and try and find a reasonable solution. I. What Is Illegal Immigration? A. Illegal Immigration B. When did it begin? II. Toll of Illegal Immigration On America A. Hidden Cost Of Illegal Immigration B. Crime C. The Loss America Suffers For Illegal Immigration D. How Things Have Changed III. America Speaks Up A. Why AmericansRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Illegal Immigration2000 Words   |  8 PagesThe Negative Effects of Illegal Immigration â€Å"An immigrant is a person who legally comes to a country to take up permanent residence. An â€Å"illegal† immigrant is a person who does so without following the established legal procedures of the destination country and who resides in that country without proper visas or other documents.† (source 1)Illegal immigration is changing the lives of many Americans today, and although all illegal immigrants are not bad and are not here by choice, or to hurtRead MoreEffects of Illegal Immigration Essay2311 Words   |  10 PagesIllegal immigrants entering the United States from other countries has played a major impact on the quality of life of our society. The majority of Americans believe there are no benefits to United States citizens by having illegal immigrants remain in this country. Much of the funding that would typically go to tax paying citizens is now being directed to programs for illegal immigrants, which do not make enough money to financially suppor t themselves and their families. To date, the largest costsRead MoreIllegal Immigration And Its Effects On The United States1327 Words   |  6 PagesChris Boyd Professor Green September 17th, 2015 English 1A Illegal Immigration and its Effects on the United States One of the biggest issues facing the United States is the issue of illegal immigration. Recently, this topic has been heavily discussed in the presidential debates thanks to candidate Donald Trump, but exactly what is illegal immigration and how is it effecting us as citizens of the US? There are many aspects to this issue ranging from an economic standpoint to a moral standpoint soRead MoreEssay on Cause and Effect of Illegal Immigration 1344 Words   |  6 PagesIllegal immigration still remains as one of the major problems on the U.S-Mexico border in our country. The effect of having illegal immigrants in our country puts the U.S in a dire situation. Many people are even starting to question the authority of the U.S. Customs and U.S. Border Patrol agents. Even though Homeland Security is always consistently hiring for U.S customs and border patrol agents to watch over the southern border to make sure no illegal immigrants sneak into the U.S. Many peopleRead MoreIllegal Immigrat ion and the Effect on the Cj System5517 Words   |  23 Pages Illegal Immigration and the effect on the CJ system Name Institution Instructor Date Abstract America is perceived the world over as the â€Å"Promised Land† where everything is possible. This lucrative perception leads many immigrants to seek diverse ways to enter this vast land of promise, with the aim of living the American dream. Illegal immigrants are considered the medium behind some of criminal activities perpetuated in America. Their participation in suchRead MoreIllegal Immigration : Effect On U.s. Economy2074 Words   |  9 PagesS02 8 Mar. 16 Illegal Immigration: Effect on U.S. Economy Introduction Throught out its history, the United States has been renowned as a santuary for immigrants from all over the world. People from all walks of life have migrated to our nation’s shores in search of the autonomous â€Å"American Dream† which Ä ±s vÄ ±ewed as endless freedoms and economÄ ±c opprtunÄ ±tÄ ±es. In recent years however, the Ä ±ncreasÄ ±ng number of Ä ±llegal Ä ±mmÄ ±grants Ä ±n our country has been somewhat alaramÄ ±ng. ImmÄ ±gratÄ ±on experts and

A Brief Note On Animal Shelter And The American Society...

They are many shelters in the United States being over populated with animals. Dogs and cats are left at the shelters for many reason. The question being research is why are animal shelter over populate. What are the causes of animal shelter being over populated? What are the benefit of adopting? What are the effect on animal in over populated shelters? And how can we help animal shelters stop being over populated? ASPCA. (2010). Pet Overpopulation. Teacher Newsletter of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals 1, 1-13 from http://www.aspcapro.org/sites/pro/files/Animalessons_%20Pet_Overpopulation.pdf ASPCA states that there are a lot of animal euthanized in shelters in the United States every year. Many of those animals are being killed for old age, bad behaviors, or for no reason due to the capacities the shelter can only take. Many of the animals that come in are not yet spay/neuter which only means there can be more pups or kittens out there being either in happy homes or dying in the street. This newsletter helps us understand many of the animals coming in have a big chance of being killed for no reason due to the capacity of the shelter, or its behavior. By behavior, it means the animal has a history of aggression by being mistreated by the previous owner reason of kill would be for the safety of the people. This helps us understand on why the animal shelters are being over populated and the effects on the animals. DiGiacomo, N; Arluke, A;Show MoreRelatedCats: Domestic Cat11027 Words   |  45 Pagesmiaou), purring, hissing, growling, chirping, clicking, and grunting.[3] Cats have even been observed mimicking the calls of birds. Like horses and other domesticated animals, cats can sometimes become feral, living effectively in the wild. Feral cats will often form small feral cat colonies. Animal welfare organizations note that few abandoned cats are able to survive long enough to become feral, most being killed by vehicles, or succumbing to starvation, predators, exposure, or disease. CatsRead MoreSociology Essay20437 Words   |  82 Pagesto make the necessary arrangement at the ï ¬ rst opportunity. C ontents Introduction to AS Sociology xxxi–l Module 1 Families and Households 1–102 Unit 1.1 Introduction Unit 1.2 Theoretical Explanations of the Role of Families in society Unit 1.3 Social Change and Families and Households: Demographic trends and statistical evidence Unit 1.4 Marriage, Cohabitation and Divorce Unit 1.5 Older Relatives and Children in Families Unit 1.6 Domestic Division of Labour Debate and PowerRead MoreEssay Paper84499 Words   |  338 Pagesidentifiable information (para E-7). o Makes administrative changes and updates paragraph titles (app E). o Note. Army Directive 2012-06, Centralized Selection List - Tour Length Policy for Command and Key Billets; Army Directive 2012-13, Policy and Implementing Guidance for Deployment Cycle Support; and ALARACT 007-2012, Sexual Harassment/Assault Response and Prevention (SHARP) Implementation Guidance will be incorporated in the next major revision. *Army Regulation 600–20 Headquarters Read MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pagesessential part of a strategic management course and is also perhaps the most entertaining part of such a course. The ‘full story’ that follows this summary gives you considerable detail about how to go about a case analysis, but for now here is a brief account. Before we start, a word about attitude – make it a real exercise. You have a set of historical facts; use a rigorous system to work out what strategies should be followed. All the cases are about real companies, and one of the entertaining

Powwow of Love Free Essays

The 30th annual MSU Pow-Wow of Love was held on March 16, 2013. Arriving at Jenison Fieldhouse around 7. 35pm, I found myself breaking one of the rules. We will write a custom essay sample on Powwow of Love or any similar topic only for you Order Now I entered the building from the east entrance – where the entrance was reserved just for the dancers. I then walked towards the dance arena, where the crowd gathered. The first thing that caught my eyes was the colorful and unique dance regalia or outfit worn by the dancers. Bright colors such as yellow, orange, red, and light blue wrapped around the dancers beautifully. The older looking male dancers were wearing the feather warbonnets on the head and bustles on the back. Dancers with striking multicolored beaded and fringed outfits were crowding the dance floor. Some of the female dancers dressed simple with their colorful fringed shawls. I noticed that some dancers even had bells attached to their ankles or dance outfits that they wore. I also was told that the feathers and leathers used were inherited from their father up to their great grandfather. The sight was so magnificent – it made me excited to stay for the show. The dancing has already started when I arrived. I was told that they were doing the ‘Intertribal Dance’. In this particular dance, everyone is welcome to take part – even the spectators. The dancers moved in a circular clockwise motion a without any particular moves. They then invited the public to join them in the dance. I was hesitating to try it at first. But I told myself that won’t get the experience anywhere else. So, I decided to just do it. The basic step is the same step used by traditional dancers. First, one foot is tapped on one beat, placed down flatly. The action is then repeated with the opposite foot, without missing a beat. I enjoyed taking part in the dance as it was the only chance for me to experience the Native American culture closely. Other dances that were performed are the ‘Fallen Feather’ dance, the Two-Step dance and the ‘Social Dance’. Out of all these dances, the ‘Fallen Feather’ dance fascinated me the most. It was performed because a feather fell from dancer’s outfit. It was performed by four of the veteran male dancers. They danced around and one of the dancers picked up the feather at the end of the dance – while saying the prayers to it. The feather was then given back to the dancer who dropped it. I was told that in some cases, if the feather is not claimed, the person who picked it up can give it to anyone he thinks deserve the feather. During this dance, the spectators were asked to stand and remove their hats to respect the ceremony. Also, to protect its sacredness, pictures and videos were not allowed to be taken during the dance ceremony. After watching all the dances, I went to check out the art vendors. I would say that the arts and handicrafts made are eye-catching. The beadworks are impeccable. Most of the arts were based on their beliefs and lifestyles. For example, the dreamcatcher was made to prevent nightmare. The rabbit foot, the turtle necklace, the bone knifes, blankets and weavings were some of the famous handicrafts sold that day. I even bought myself a dreamcatcher as a souvenir. I feel so honored to have experienced this ‘Pow-Wow’ event. They have such great pride and respect for their land, culture and tradition. Most of the Native Americans that I encountered that day do not look like those people I saw in the movie – they look much like the Americans. And what amaze me most is that they still live up to their culture and tradition despite the difficulties they experienced in the past and the U. S. government’s policies towards banning some of the Native American cultures in the name of ‘assimilation’ – to assimilate Native Americans  into the mainstream US  culture. Overall, this experience has altered my perceptions about how the Native Americans really look and live their life. Being an international student, this is definitely one of the most memorable nights I’ve ever experience in the U. S. How to cite Powwow of Love, Papers

Lab report on pineapple and jello Essay Example

Lab report on pineapple and jello Paper This specificity is due to the shapes of the enzyme molecules. Pineapples Pineapples lush, tropical sweetness is reason enough to enjoy it any way you can, but this fruit also contains vitamin C and manganese. This fruits most promising nutritional asset, though, may be broomball, a natural enzyme found in both the fruit and the stem. Most of the pineapple consumed in the United States is canned (in the form of juice as well as fruit), but fresh pineapple is much more flavor, and , despite its tough bristly shell, is easy to prepare. The fruit probably first grew wild in parts of South America and then spread to the Caribbean, where Columbus encountered it. By 1600, early European explorers had carried pineapples as far as China and the Philippines. In the 18th century, pineapples were taken to the Hawaiian Islands, eventually becoming the major fruit crop. Hawaiian pineapple producers were the first to can the fruit. Broomball The pineapple plant contains protein-digesting enzymes called, as a group, broomball. In the health world, these enzymes are regarded as useful in reducing muscle and tissue inflammation (hence the joint pain and wound-healing possibilities), as well as acting as a digestive aid. In the cooking world, on the other hand, broomball is regarded as the enemy of the gelatin dessert. If you use fresh pineapple in gelatin, the enzyme eats the protein and the gelatin will not gelin fact broomball is measured in units called GAL., or gelatin digesting units. The classic kitchen trick for getting around this pineapple-gelatin incompatibility is to cook the pineapple, thus reducing the power of the broomball. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab report on pineapple and jello specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab report on pineapple and jello specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab report on pineapple and jello specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Recipes that would highlight the benefits of broomball start with fresh pineapple (which has two to three times the amount of broomball as canned pineapple does), and is then subjected to as little heat as possible. Broomball is used in meat dendrites, in hill-proofing beer, manufacturing recorded cereals, in certain cosmetics, and in preparation to treat edema and inflammation. Gelatin Gelatin, a familiar, ingredient in cooking, is obtained by boiling the skin, tendons, and ligaments of animals. As a result, it contains protein called collagen ( a primary component of joints, cartilage, and nails), and various amino acids (histamine, lysine, Lucien, thyrotrophic, and valise, to name a few). Remember: amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Gelatin has long been a key ingredient for providing support for jelled deserts, salads, frozen drinks, and soft candies such as Gummy Bears. In fact, the word gelatin is derived from the Latin gelatin, meaning stiff or frozen. ) Scientists have been studying gelatin for centuries. It has no smell or taste of its own, adapting to whatever it is added to. During the Napoleonic Wars, the French, desperate for nutrition SOUrces during the English blockade, reportedly first turned to gelatin as a source of protein (albeit a weak one). Gelatin began its long run as a popular consumable, however, in the offs, when it was first developed and then heavily promoted as a commercial product by Charles Knox, founder of the Knox Gelatin Corporation. In addition to its famous giggly food uses, gelatin with its flexible, dissociable structure is also used to manufacture capsules (both hard and soft-gel) to hold medications, vitamins, and other dietary supplements. It also has a range of industrial and medical engineering applications: Gelatin is an ingredient in film coatings, medical devices such as artificial heart valves, and in specialized meshes used to repair wounds, to name a few. Collagen About one quarter of all the protein in your body is collagen. It is a major structural material that forms molecular cables to strengthen the tendons and silent sheets that support the skin and internal organs. Bones and teeth are made by adding mineral crystals to collagen. Collagen provides structure to our bodies, protecting and supporting the softer tissues and connecting them with the skeleton. But, in spite of its critical function in the body, collagen is a relatively simple protein. Collagen from livestock animals is a familiar ingredient in cooking. Collagen is a protein, and like most proteins, when heated, it loses all of its structure. The polymer molecule unwinds. Then, when the denatured mass cools down, it soaks p all of the surrounding water like a sponge, forming gelatin. Lab 1 Objective: What form of pineapple juice contains enzymes that digest protein? Materials: For each group For entire class For every 3 groups 1 envelope Knox gelatin 4 test tubes water 1 test tube rack pineapple juices (below) 1 spoon Measuring cup ml) disposable pipettes hot plate to heat H2O ml graduated cylinder ml graduated cylinder Marking pen Procedure: 1 . Number and label the test tubes 1-4 and use the initials of a group member to identify your group. 2. Find 2 other groups and prepare 1 package of gelatin n the measuring cup using ml of boiling water and 30 ml of cold water. Stir well with a spoon until the gelatin is dissolved. 3. Place 3 ml of the designated pineapple juice into each test tube. Use a separate pipette for each type of juice. Failure to do so may result in mixing of the juice types and inaccurate results. Tube 1: water only Tube 2: fresh pineapple juice Tube 3: Canned pineapple juice Tube 4: Concentrated pineapple juice (thawed) 4. Add 10 ml of gelatin mixture to each test tube. Shake well to ensure proper mixing and place your samples in the refrigerator overnight using a test tube rack. . On Day 2, check the contents of each test tube for solidification of the contents and record your observations. Lab 2 Objective What effect does temperature have on an enzyme? For each group For entire class For every 2 groups 1 envelope Knox gelatin 6 test tubes water 1 test tube rack pineapple juices (below) 1 spoon 1 (1 ml) disposable pipette 100 ml graduated cylinder ml graduated cylinder Marking Pen Hot plate 1. Prepare the Knox gelatin by mixing 1 package of gelatin in the measuring cup using ml of boiling water and 30 ml of cold water. Stir well with a spoon until the gelatin is dissolved. 2. Number the test tubes from 1-5. Label the remaining test tube as ART (room temperature). 3. Each group will be assigned their own temperature gradient ranging from ICC 100 C. Each group must record the test tube numbers and the corresponding test temperatures for each test tube. Record the temperature of the room for the temperature for the ART test tube. 4. Next, add 3 ml of pineapple juice to each test tube. 5. Then heat each test tube to the appropriate temperature as assigned. Leave the test tube ART at room temperature. (HINT: start with all the test tubes in cool water in a glass beaker water bath. Gradually increase the temperature withdrawing the numbered test tubes in ICC increments in order as the appropriate temperature level in the bath is reached. 6. After the test tubes have been pulled from the water bath, add 10 ml of Knox gelatin (prepared in step 1) to each test tube and mix well. 7. Finally, place the test tubes in the refrigerator overnight. 8. On day 2, check each test tube for solidification or liquidity of the contents and record your observations. Objective Lab 3 What effect does pH have on enzyme activity? 1 envelope Knox gelatin 3 test tubes goggles apron (1 ml) disposable pipettes water 100 ml graduated cylinder 10 ml graduated cylinder MM HCI MM Niacin pineapple juice the gelatin is dissolved. 2. Label 1 test tube A for acid, 1 test tube B for base, and the last test tube C for control. 3. Place ml of pineapple juice into each of the labeled test tubes. Transfer 1 ml of base, 1 ml acid, and Mil of water into the appropriate test tubes of pineapple juice. HINT: Use a different pipette for each test tube to avoid contamination. 4. Add 10 ml of gelatin mixture to each test tube. Mix well, being careful to not get any of the acid or base on your skin. . Refrigerate the test tubes overnight and on day 2 check each test tube for solidification or liquidity of the contents. Record your observations. Enzyme Pre-Lab Questions: Directions: Read the background material provided to you. Using this material, your notes, and text, answer the following questions. 1. By definition, what is an enzyme? 2. (a) Describe what happens when a protein denatures. (b) Is the denatured protein still able to function? 3. (a) What is the name of the enzyme we are using in this lab? (b) What fruit is it found in? 4. (a) What is the protein we are using in this lab? B) For this lab, what is our food source for the protein? 5. In your own words, describe what happens to collagen when it is heated. 6. Read the procedure for Enzyme Lab 1. Make a hypothesis regarding which of the four juices (water, fresh pineapple juice, boxed juice, concentrated juice) will be solid and which will be liquid when you examine your results on Day 2. 7. Why is water used as a juice in Enzyme Lab 1? 8. Read the directions for Enzyme Lab 2. Make a hypothesis as to the nature of the contents of each test tube at Day 2; which test tubes contents will be solid and which will be liquid? 9. Why do you hypothesize this? 10.